民用飞机吊挂应急断离设计研究

应急断离设计是民用飞机吊挂设计的关键技术之一,从收集到的相关机型应急着陆事故论述吊挂应急断离设计的结构设计要求,分析波音公司和麦道公司的典型机型吊挂设计方案,提出了我国大型民用飞机吊挂应急断离设计方案的建议。     

Performance analysis of the vectorized high order expansions method in the accurate landing problem of reusable boosters

This paper addresses the design of the terminal phase maneuver of the booster landing in the presence of initial deviations and uncertainties. The primary purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the vectorized high order expansions method to extract commands and near-optimal trajectory, while the accurate satisfaction of the terminal conditions is of great importance. After reviewing high order expansions methods, the Vectorized High Order Expansions method is briefly discussed. Then, the solution for the booster landing problem is extracted up to the third order. To study the solution quality in the presence of uncertainties, mass, density, and gravity are assumed to be constant in extracting the 3rd order solution. The assumptions however are eliminated in the simulations, and the effectiveness of high order expansions solution is studied subjectively and numerically in the presence of initial deviations and uncertainties. After implementing simulations and considering different assumptions, it will be shown that the 3rd order solution holds a desirable quality in accurately satisfying final conditions in presence of uncertainties and initial deviations and provides far better results than the 1st order solution. Moreover, in this paper, a novel method is proposed for online updating, and the performance and effect of this modification are studied using simulations. Reviewing the results of the 3rd order solution combined with the online update strategy, it becomes clear that the implementation of the online update significantly reduces landing point errors and improves the performance of the high order method. Furthermore, the study compares the performance of this strategy with the well-known state-dependent Riccati equation method to better evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

地外天体着陆巡视探测自主智能技术进展

以月球、火星和小行星等地外天体着陆巡视探测任务为背景，对自主智能技术的发展现状、应用情况与未来趋势进行了分析研究。回顾了目前国内外地外天体着陆巡视探测任务的实施情况；从导航定位与环境感知、轨迹优化与制导控制、自主探测与路径规划、故障诊断与自主处理等四个方面，阐述了该领域自主智能技术的研究现状，并对未来发展态势进行了展望。     

复合材料主起落架整流罩结构设计要求及方法

民用飞机主起落架整流罩多采用复合材料结构进行设计,提出了适用于民机的主起落架整流罩结构设计的要求及方法,介绍了通常采用的技术方案,包括结构形式、结构组成、连接方式等。要保证设计方法具有一定的先进性,技术方案成熟可行,就要考虑其功能、承载、耐久性等结构设计要求,同时因其内部结构经常处于恶劣的环境中,所以要兼顾其结构保护以及维修性设计,即具有很好的抗冲击性和防潮湿性能。     

一种检测机场跑道辅助飞机着陆的系统设计

跑道作为机场的关键设施,是飞机着陆和减速滑行的区域,通过视觉定位方法计算飞机相对跑道的位置,可以作为辅助飞机快速平稳着陆的一种思路。视觉传感器所需成本较低,对安装环境要求不高,本文旨在设计一个仅靠视觉传感器对飞机进行定位的辅助着陆系统,运用目标检测和视觉定位两个模型,计算飞机相对跑道的位置。首先搭建出等比例微缩的机场跑道模型,视觉传感器产生运动模拟飞机飞行路径,目标检测模型通过机载视觉传感器获取的图像识别出跑道区域,随后视觉定位模型提取图像中跑道区域特征点,计算飞机相对跑道的位置。分别对目标检测和视觉定位两部分的实现原理及难点进行阐述,尝试将目标检测和视觉定位结合起来实现飞机降落时的定位,描述辅助着陆系统设计的整体思路。     

可见光/激光组合的相对位姿测量研究

针对可重构航天器模块超近距离对接场景下特征点消失问题，提出一种可见光/激光的高精度相对位姿测量方法。该方法先通过可见光/激光组合对初始相对横滚角误差进行校零，完成粗校准环节；然后通过激光二维双镜反射法进行精确的相对位姿解算，获得高精度相对位姿数据。仿真结果表明，在现有技术条件下，该方法在模块相对距离在100cm内可不依赖视觉特征点，实现±1.2mm和±0.03°的相对位姿测量精度，为模块航天器对接后续的超近距离高精度位姿控制奠定基础。     

飞翼布局无人机着舰飞行动力学分析

飞翼布局无人机具有独特的气动特性,研究飞翼布局无人机着舰飞行动力学特性对设计无人机着舰控制律具有重要意义。针对飞翼布局无人机着舰下滑飞行过程,建立六自由度飞行动力学模型,并通过对着舰飞行轨迹稳定性的分析,根据飞行品质对飞行轨迹稳定性的约束,计算达到一级飞行品质要求的着舰飞行速度。通过配平计算和小扰动线性化处理,得到无人机着舰下滑运动线性模型,并分析无人机纵向和横航向的固有模态特性。结果表明,飞翼无人机着舰下滑过程中,纵向的长、短周期模态及横航向的滚转和螺旋模态收敛但收敛慢,荷兰滚模态发散。     

垂直回收火箭可伸缩着陆腿展开的动力学仿真分析

可伸缩着陆腿是实现运载火箭垂直回收的有效途径。相比于着陆过程，火箭着陆腿展开过程涉及的动力学问题更值得特别关注。根据多体动力学方法建立可伸缩着陆腿的虚拟样机模型，针对展开过程开展仿真分析，研究了支腿结构柔性、腿节滑移摩擦力、气动罩气动力及过载等因素对展开时长和展开到位角速度两个关键展开特性指标的影响。结果表明，结构柔性对展开特性影响可忽略，过载对展开特性的影响最大，其次是气动罩气动力和腿节摩擦力。相关研究结果可为用于火箭垂直回收的可伸缩式着陆腿设计提供参考。     

基于飞参数据的飞机起落架地面受载状态分析

起落架是飞机起飞和着陆过程中的关键部件，其结构强度的优劣直接影响着飞机的起飞和着陆安全。本文针对某飞机依据强度和刚度规范设计出的起落架在某次着陆阶段出现的损伤故障，利用飞机的飞参数据，从中提取飞机着陆时的姿态与运动信息，分析飞机起落架的地面载荷信息，从而为故障排查提供参考和输入。分析结果表明，在某些情况会出现的三向载荷复合作用是导致该起落架结构损伤的可能原因之一。     

A Robotic TeleoperationSystem for Precise Robotic Manipulation by Human-Machine Interaction

Teleoperation is of great importance in the area of robotics， especially when people are unavailable in the robot workshop. It provides a way for people to control robots remotely using human intelligence. In this paper， a robotic teleoperation system for precise robotic manipulation is established. The data glove and the 7-degrees of freedom (DOFs) force feedback controller are used for the remote control interaction. The control system and the monitor system are designed for the remote precise manipulation. The monitor system contains an image acquisition system and a human-machine interaction module， and aims to simulate and detect the robot running state. Besides，a visual object tracking algorithm is developed to estimate the states of the dynamic system from noisy observations. The established robotic teleoperation systemis applied to a series of experiments， and high-precision results are obtained， showing the effectiveness of the physical system.